Análise da evolução morfológica da zona costeira, caso de estudo: Posto administrativo de Zongoene, província de Gaza

Abstract

This monograph, entitled "Analysis of the Morphological Evolution of the Coastal Zone: Case Study: Zongoene Administrative Post, Gaza Province," aimed to analyze the morphological changes that occurred on the coastline of this region between 1993 and 2023. Integrated within the field of Geographic Information Sciences, the research is articulated with the domains of coastal geomorphology, remote sensing, and geographic information systems (GIS). Zongoene stands out for its ecological and socioeconomic importance, supporting fishing, agriculture, and tourism. Its location at the mouth of the Limpopo River and the combined action of natural and anthropogenic factors make the region highly environmentally vulnerable. Mozambique, whose coastline is home to more than 70% of the country's population, is known for its intense coastal dynamics and growing human pressure on its natural resources. The study's general objective was to analyze the morphological evolution of the Zongoene coastal zone, and specific objectives included mapping shoreline changes in 1993, 2003, 2013, and 2023, assessing the factors that influenced these changes, and proposing environmental management recommendations. To this end, Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS satellite imagery, digitally processed using GIS, was used, as well as field observations and the application of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS). The results indicated significant changes in the shoreline's position, with significant retreats in certain sectors and advances in others. The most vulnerable areas coincided with regions of high human intervention and a lack of natural protective vegetation, such as dunes and mangroves. The Landsat imagery and spectral indices used allowed these changes to be mapped with high spatial and temporal precision, demonstrating the effectiveness of geospatial technologies in environmental monitoring. Coastal erosion proved to be the predominant morphological process, aggravated by inappropriate human actions and extreme weather events. The implementation of integrated coastal management strategies is recommended, involving local communities and authorities, prioritizing the recovery of natural ecosystems and territorial planning. The study contributes to national scientific knowledge on coastal dynamics and reinforces the importance of using geospatial data to support environmental and territorial decision-making.(TRADUÇAO NOSSA)