Potenciais factores sociodemográficos e académicos que influenciam o desenvolvimento da síndrome de Burnout: caso dos estudantes da Faculdade de Medicina na Universidade Eduardo Mondlane - Cidade de Maputo

Abstract

The present study aims to understand the potential sociodemographic and academic factors that influence the development of Burnout Syndrome (BS): the case of medical students at the Faculty of Medicine of Eduardo Mondlane University in Maputo City. The study adopted a quantitative approach, in which data were collected through an online questionnaire using a case study design. A total of 57 participants who agreed to take part in the study were included, and data analysis was conducted using R software. The results revealed that the overall prevalence of Burnout among medical students was 26.32%. Regarding the dimensions of Burnout, 21.1% of the students presented high levels of emotional exhaustion, 26.3% showed high levels of depersonalization, and 100.0% of the participants presented low scores in personal accomplishment. The 3rd year emerged as the most critical period, presenting the highest proportion of students with Burnout. In the 6th year, the impact of accumulated fatigue was observed, reflecting the emotional and physical burden of several years of continuous demands, a phenomenon widely discussed in the literature. At the Faculty of Medicine, according to the results obtained from the analysis of factors influencing Burnout, the findings point to a scenario in which Burnout does not arise from a single factor, but rather from the combination of high academic demands, negative perceptions of the study environment, and the absence of support networks.