Análise e optimização dos processos logísticos de transporte e distribuição da Cerveja 2M da cervejas de Moçambique: caso de estudo da cervejaria de Marracuene

Abstract

Distribution is an important activity in any supply chain and the need to explore a simple and economical way of doing it is always welcomed by any organization. The same is true in the brewing industry, where a great deal of distribution is carried out to satisfy the growing needs of customers. The Transshipment Problem is an extension of the classic transportation problem, where the transportation of goods and services passes through an intermediate point (transshipment points) between the origin (factory) and the destinations (retail customers). The main objective of this research was to obtain the minimum cost of transporting 4,000 cases (winter season) and 6,000 cases (summer season) of 2M 550 mL beer from the Cervejas de Moçambique (CDM) factory in Marracuene (origin) through Handling's warehouses (transhipment points) to the retail customers distributed throughout the city and province of Maputo. To this end, a case study was carried out at the Marracuene Brewery. Primary data such as the unit costs involved in the transportation of 2M 550 mL beer were obtained through interviews with the teams in the logistics department of the plant in question and secondary data such as the distances traveled were obtained from Google maps. Three main techniques for solving the Transportation Problem (northwest corner method, least cost method and Vogel's approximation method) were evaluated in order to determine which produced the minimum total transportation cost. The results obtained show that the Vogel Approximation method is the most efficient of the three methods, as it has the lowest transportation cost for the initial and feasible basic solution of 628,700.00 and 941,000.00 MZN for the winter and summer seasons, respectively. All the techniques for solving the transport problem produced, after optimization, the same minimum cost of 614,500.00 and 920,700.00 MZN for the winter and summer seasons, respectively. The optimal solution obtained indicates that the CDM plant in Marracuene should distribute 3150 cases of 2M beer directly to retail customers and 850 cases via the Handling warehouse in Zimpeto in the winter season. On the other hand, in the summer season, the plant must distribute 1350 cases of 2M beer through the Zimpeto warehouse and 4650 cases of 2M beer. The model developed will be useful for strategic decision-making by CDM's logistics managers in the optimal allocation of their products to the various customers.