Problemática da drenagem na produção de hortícolas nos campos da Associação de Produtores Joaquim Chissano, distrito municipal Kamavota, na cidade de Maputo

Abstract

The drainage system implemented before independence in the agricultural fields of the Joaquim Chissano Producers Association (APJC) was originally designed to control the water table and support agricultural activities. However, its current performance is compromised by several factors, leading to negative impacts such as the abandonment of productive areas, reduced market access, crop losses, and public health risks. This study aimed to analyse the challenges related to the APJC drainage system and to propose technical and administrative measures to ensure its effective year- round operation. Data were collected through direct field observations and interviews with the association’s management. The study area was divided into three zones (Zones 1, 2, and 3), where soil samples were collected, groundwater levels were monitored, and field tests were conducted, including permeability tests (auger hole method), infiltration tests (double ring method), and assessment of irrigation water quality. The findings confirmed the presence of the key components of a standard drainage system, as described in technical literature, but also revealed a deficient management structure. Textural analysis classified Zones 2 and 3 as sandy loam and Zone 1 as loamy sand. The water table was found at depths ranging from 12 to 75 cm, often within the root zone. Soil permeability ranged from moderate to moderately high, while the basic infiltration rate varied from low to medium. Water quality analysis showed electrical conductivity (EC) values corresponding to Class 3, indicating a high risk of salinisation, and pH values close to neutrality. Based on these results, sustainable and low-cost technical-administrative measures were proposed for the rehabilitation and improved maintenance of the drainage system