Relatório de estágio pré-profissional realizado na clínica veterinária bichos e caprichos saúde animal. Caso-estudo: aspectos epidemiológicos e clínico-patológicos de um surto de parvovirose canina

Abstract

This paper reports on the activities developed during the pre-professional internship, held at the Bichos e Caprichos Veterinary Clinic (BICA), located in Maputo City, Kim Il-Sung Avenue, building number 921, from July 14 to December 20, 2022. The internship aimed to consolidate theoretical knowledge and improve practical skills in small animal clinical practice. During the internship, a total of 627 patients were treated, of which 81% (508/627) were canines and 19% (119/627) were felines. The activities included preventive medicine (45.4%), clinical medicine (15.8%), complementary diagnostics (10.20%), surgical interventions (8%), and other medical procedures (21.4%). Preventive medicine consisted of deworming (34%) and vaccinations (66%). In the internal medicine area, the most common cases were: tracheobronchitis (15.23%), nonspecific gastroenteritis (13.8%), and conjunctivitis (12.28%). The most frequently performed surgeries were orchidectomy (59.57%), ovariohysterectomy (15.96%), and tumor excision (10.64%). During the internship, a case study was developed that consisted of the report of epidemiological and clinical-pathological findings in three dogs, all about 3 months of age: two mixed-breed dogs—one male and one female—and a female German Shepherd, (belonging to the same owner). These dogs were admitted, dead, to the Pathological Anatomy Section, with a clinical history of muco-bloody diarrhea, vomiting, weakness, lack of appetite, and weight loss. At necropsy, the carcasses and viscera were pale; internal examination revealed slightly pale intestinal mucosa with some reddish areas, enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, increased Peyer's patches in the small intestine, hyperemia of the intestinal mucosa and serosa, the presence of mucoid and hemorrhagic fluid content in the intestinal lumen, and fibrin adhered to the small intestinal mucosa. Microscopic analysis revealed that the small intestine showed shortened villi, necrosis of the glands, the presence of large, sometimes nucleated cells (hyperplastic cells), and lymphocyte infiltration in the lamina propria. Based on the clinical, necropsy, and histopathological findings, a definitive diagnosis of canine parvovirus was established. The activities developed during the internship and the case report allowed for the deepening of knowledge and development of practical skills in small animal clinical practice.