Análise dos conflitos entre a conservação e as necessidades da população residente no Parque Nacional do Arquipélago de Bazaruto

Abstract

This study analyzes the conflicts between environmental conservation practices and the socioeconomic needs of populations residing in the Bazaruto Archipelago National Park (PNAB) in Mozambique. The research is based on the premise that, while conservation is essential for protecting biodiversity, its implementation can generate tensions when it limits local communities' access to natural resources vital for their livelihoods. To achieve the study's objectives, a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative techniques was adopted. Data collection involved administering questionnaires to 101 local community members and conducting semi-structured interviews with nine park administration representatives. This approach enabled an integrated analysis of community perceptions and the institutional perspective regarding the management of the conservation area. The results show that local communities rely heavily on natural resources—particularly artisanal fishing, which serves as their primary source of livelihood. However, restrictions imposed by conservation policies—specifically regarding access to fishing grounds and other resources—were identified as the main cause of conflict. Furthermore, the study revealed community dissatisfaction regarding the distribution of tourism-related benefits, as well as limited participation in decision-making processes. It is concluded that the conflicts within the PNAB are socio-environmental in nature, stemming from the interplay of ecological, economic, and social factors. These conflicts reflect structural inequalities, governance shortcomings, and a lack of effective mechanisms for community inclusion. Consequently, there is a need to adopt participatory management models that foster local community engagement, ensure equitable benefit distribution, and reconcile environmental conservation with sustainable development, thereby helping to reduce conflict and improve the living conditions of resident populations. (TRADUÇÃO NOSSA)