Fitorremediação: potencial remediador de Choris virgata em solos contaminados por Cádmio (Cd) e Crómio (Cr) e potencial risco ecológico

Abstract

The problem of soil contamination by heavy metals, especially cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr), has been widely highlighted, particularly with industrial development. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the remediation potential of Chloris virgata in soils contaminated with Cd and Cr. A controlled experiment was designed and set up in a greenhouse, followed by laboratory analyses. The plants were kept in a greenhouse, and soil contamination was performed with 0.01 and 0.05 mg.kg -1 of Cd and Cr. Morphological parameters were determined, and the ICP-OES method was used to quantify Cd and Cr in soil and plant tissues. Bioaccumulation, bioconcentration, and translocation factors were determined to evaluate the hyperaccumulation, phytoextraction, and phytostabilization potential of Chloris virgata for Cd and Cr. Finally, the pollution index (PI) and potential ecological risk (Er) were calculated. The results of this study showed the hyperaccumulation, phytoextraction, and phytostabilization capacity of Chloris virgata for Cd, with values >1 in the BAF, BCF, and TF factors. For Cr, Chloris virgata demonstrated the potential for translocation and phytoextraction of Cr at low concentrations and the potential for phytostabilization of Cr at high concentrations. The pollution index and ecological risk did not showed values ≤1 and values <40, respectively, and no ecological risk of Cd and Cr was found at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.05 mg.kg -1. It was concluded that Chloris virgata has potential for use in recovery projects of areas degraded by contamination of heavy metals such as Cd and Cr, through phytoremediation.