Análise da evolução de sistemas agrários comerciais da Província de Maputo entre (1990 a 2024)

Abstract

The study on the evolution of Commercial Agricultural Systems in Maputo Province is grounded in the growing relevance of these systems in the Mozambican economy and in the absence of systematic investigations documenting their historical trajectory, with an area of 26,058 km² and approximately 2.5 million inhabitants distributed across eight districts, of which only six present the existence of agricultural systems. Methodologically a mixed qualitative-quantitative approach was adopted combining bibliographic survey, documentary analysis and digital processing of Landsat 4-5 and Landsat 8 satellite images, using supervised classification by the Maximum Likelihood algorithm and accuracy validation through the ACATAMA plugin with the use of QGIS 3.16.5 LTR, ArcGIS 10.4 and IDRISI TerrSet 2020 software. Seven land use and land cover classes were identified and quantified: Water bodies, Urban areas, Vegetation cover, Agricultural zones/machambas, Commercial Agricultural Systems (focal class), Bare soils and Dunes; a temporal analysis was conducted covering the years 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2024 for the districts of Boane, Namaacha, Marracuene and Manhiça whilst for the districts of Moamba and Magude only 2010 and 2024 were analysed given that the emergence of the commercial agricultural phenomenon in these districts occurs from 2010 onwards. Commercial agricultural systems recorded significant expansions in districts such as Marracuene (872%), Moamba (302%) and Namaacha (4,212%) consolidating these territories as strategic poles of commercial agriculture in the Province whilst Magude (4.4%) and Manhiça (90%) present moderate expansions; this spatial differentiation is conditioned by local, infrastructural and market factors where periurban districts show accelerated substitution of family farming by commercial systems.