Análise das características demográficas e comportamentais dos dadores de sangue relacionadas com o HIV no sul de Moçambique

Abstract

The transmission of diseases by blood transfusions constitutes one of the most important adverse effects resulting from hemotherapeutic practice. In transfusion practices, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, has drawn worldwide attention to the need for safe blood products. The main transmission routes of the AIDS virus include: unprotected sexual intercourse, contaminated sharps, mother-to-child transmission and transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products. The present study was carried out from March to July 2003 on blood donors from 2 Provincial Hospitals, 2 Rural Hospitals and 1 General Hospital located in the southern part of Mozambique. Considering that certain demographic and behavioral characteristics of blood donors make them more vulnerable to blood borne diseases, it was considered the overall objective of the study to relate the main demographic and behavioral characteristics of blood donors to HIV 1 and 2 in Southern Mozambique. Seven hundred blood donors were interviewed and 700 blood samples were collected from them and tested in the laboratory using the Determine rapid test and then re-tested for positive samples using the Uni-gold test. The main demographic characteristics were related to behavioral characteristics and both to HIV prevalence among SDs. In Southern Mozambique the SD in demographic terms were characterised as having been majority male at least 38.0% in relation to female at 95% significance level for comparison of proportions; about 40.3% were between 16 and 20 years of age; there was a predominance of general secondary education levels; there was a significant difference between 404 SD coming from urban areas and 296 coming from rural areas (%2=55.90%; GL=4; pO.001 ); length of stay in the area of residence of more than 10 years was predominant and 60.0% of the SDs were single. Most of the SD in Southern Mozambique are characterized in behavioral terms by having a single sexual partner (64.7%); there was a significant difference between SD from HGJM who reported receiving health care at traditional doctors with those from HPG,HPI, HRChi at 95% certainty; about 39.9% had tattoo; 60.1% of the SD reported not having occasional sexual intercourse; 30. 0% did not use condom in occasional sexual intercourse; most blood donors were Catholics; all considered blood donation important; 57.0% were volunteers; all said they had never received blood; 7.0% said there was no risk of contamination in the act of donating blood and 68.4% donated blood for the first time. The minimum percentage of HIV 1 and 2 in SDs using the Determine test for HIV 1 and 2 was found in HGJM being 9.5% while the maximum was 40.0% in HRCho. The mean percentage of HIV 1 and 2 in the 700 SDs was 20.4% for the Determine test and 14.7% after repeat Uni-gold test, i.e. the prevalence of HIV 1 and 2 in SDs was 14.7%. The main relations between the studied characteristics and HIV 1 and 2 were: in the female gender 23.2% were HIV 1 and 2 positive, relatively higher value than 19.4% in the male gender; there was a lower percentage of seropositivity in the educational levels between the 8th and 10th grades; 25.3% of the SD who never used condom were HIV 1 and 2 seropositive, higher value than 10.6% of those who always used presevative in occasional sexual relations. Among SD in urban area 22.7% were HIV 1 and 2 positive, relatively higher than 17.6% in rural area.