Impacto da instalação de megaprojectos mineiros no desenvolvimento das comunidades: uma análise a partir do uso do Fundo de Retorno Mineiro no distrito de Larde (2013-2020)

Abstract

Mineral revenues are an important part of the economy of many countries, having the potential to contribute to economic and social development. The literature related to mineral wealth argues that the presence of resources can paradoxically represent both positive and negative results in the region's development. There are perspectives that defend the exploration of mineral resources as a springboard for development (MOORE, 2004; STIJNS, 2006; VIANA, 2012) and others that consider that the existence of mineral resources on a large scale slows down local development due to bad conditions. management and exploitation practices, leaving poorer communities and a trail of post-exploitation destruction (AUTY, 1993; MEHLUM, MOENE & TORVIK, 2002; KUMAS, 2013). In Mozambique, due to the installation of megaprojects that resulted in adverse negative effects generated by the boom 2 in natural resources, the Government implemented in 2013 a revenue sharing system for the development of communities negatively affected by resource exploitation. Based on the ideas debated around the process of transforming rural areas through the establishment of a revenue transfer system, combined with theoretical references brought by neo-institutionalist theories of rational choices and resource curses, the study demonstrated that communities of Topuito, beneficiaries of development projects, have witnessed the construction of infrastructures that could contribute to improving local living conditions. However, despite the impact of revenues as a form of compensation and repair for losses, transformation and social mobility, the 2.75% did not produce relevant results in terms of the development of the beneficiary region.