Estudo retrospectivo de neoplasias caninas diagnosticadas na SAP, entre 2010 a 2021 e descrição de dois casos clínicos de linfoma hepatoesplênico e epiteliotrópico

Abstract

The occurrence of neoplasms in canine species is increasing and they affect more frequently animals of certain breeds, sex and age, factors that help direct the diagnosis. Neoplasms are one of the main causes of mortality in dogs, and Among the most frequent neoplasms is lymphoma, which is a malignant neoplasm that corresponds to approximately 7 to 24% of all canine neoplasms, 83% of hematopoietic neoplasms and approximately 80% of cases occur in the multicentric form. The aim of this work was to carry out a retrospective study on canine neoplasms diagnosed in the Anatomy Section Pathological (SAP), between 2010 and 2021 and describe two cases of canine lymphoma treated at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (HEV). The study was prepared from SAP files and was analyzed the distribution of neoplasms according to race, sex, age group, location, origin, behavior and type of neoplasms. During the evaluated period, 448 samples were received and the prevalence of neoplasms was 57.2%. The most affected breeds were SRD (28.12%), Lion Rhodesian (11.64%) and German Shepherd (11.24%). Females (60%) were the most affected. You adults (39%) and elderly people (47%) were the most diagnosed with neoplasms. The highest prevalence of neoplasms was observed in the skin (30.3%), mammary gland (24.6%) and soft tissues (10%). The most diagnosed neoplasms were mesenchymal (61.9%), epithelial (35.4%), with the majority in the malignant form (54%). Breast adenocarcinoma (12.4%), venereal tumor canine transmissible disease (10.2%) and mast cell tumor (9.3%) were the most prevalent neoplasms. Two cases of lymphomas in dogs were also described: patient 1 (P1): American Bulldog, female, 5 years old, presented progressive weight loss, slight abdominal distension and firm palpation and, patient 2 (P2): Boerboel, male, 4 years old, with progressive weight loss and lesions ulcerative ulcers on the skin distributed throughout the body. Physical, hematological and biochemical examinations revealed paraneoplastic signs, such as: anemia, anorexia, cachexia (P1 and P2), lymphocytosis, hyperproteinemia (P1), thrombocytopenia and neutropenia (P2) and increased LDH (P1). After carrying out palliative therapy without success and due to the worsening of the clinical patients, euthanasia was performed and the corpses were sent to SAP for examination post-mortem.Through histopathological examination, the definitive diagnosis was established: (P1) high-grade nodular and infiltrative hepatosplenic lymphoma, diffuse lymphoblastic and (P2) lymphoma epitheliotropic Sézary syndrome type with low-grade liver and kidney metastasis, lymphocytic diffuse. The animals were in stages IV (P1) and V (P2) and both in substage “B”, with bad prognosis. (TRADUÇAO NOSSA))