Análise e avaliação de riscos ergonómicos em uma unidade da Fábrica de Cervejas de Moçambique: logística, caso de estudo - Cervejaria de Maputo

Abstract

Ergonomics is the science that studies the adaptation of working conditions to the physical, cognitive, and organizational characteristics of workers, with the objective of promoting comfort, safety, and efficiency in task performance. Its application is essential for preventing occupational diseases, especially in industrial environments that demand intense physical effort, such as the logistics sector. In this context, the present study aimed to analyze and evaluate ergonomic risks in the Logistics Department of the Cervejas de Moçambique Factory, located in the Maputo plant. Four critical activities were selected for the study: bottle sorting, manual loading of 23 kg CO₂ cylinders, forklift operation, and product invoicing. The adopted methodology involved the application of the RULA, REBA, and NIOSH methods, supported by the Ergolândia software version 8.0, enabling a comprehensive analysis of postures, physical loads, and movement frequencies in the observed activities. The results showed that 75% of the activities presented high or critical ergonomic risk. In the bottle sorting task, a score of 7 (level 4 – 100%) was obtained using the RULA method, indicating an immediate need for intervention. In the manual loading of 23 kg CO₂ cylinders, the lifting index (IL) calculated by the NIOSH method was 2.32 (level 3 – 75%), characterizing an unacceptable risk. For forklift operation, the REBA method assigned a score of 9 (level 3 – 80%), revealing a high risk associated with static posture and repetitive movements. In the invoicing activity, although the risk was classified as moderate, the RULA method indicated a score of 5 (level 3 – 75%), still justifying improvements in the workstation to prevent overload on the upper limbs. Based on the results, improvement measures were proposed for the workstations, including the introduction of auxiliary equipment and specific training for workers. It is concluded that the adoption of ergonomic practices is fundamental to promoting workers’ health and well-being, reducing absenteeism due to occupational diseases, and increasing efficiency and productivity in the manufacturing environment.