Proposta de construção em alvenaria estrutural como solução alternativa ao betão armado em Moçambique

Abstract

Structural masonry has been a widely used construction system in the world and in Mozambique in a specific way. This work consisted of evaluating the replacement of the simple structural masonry system with reinforced concrete in small residential dwellings in Mozambique, aiming to reduce construction costs and ensure structural safety. Factors such as compressive strength of the blocks, compressive strength of the mortar, slenderness of the element and the quality factor of workmanship directly influence the final strength of the masonry wall. For this study, blocks with 20 cm wide and 40 cm long were defined for the construction of the buildings since they have the best modulation both horizontal and vertical, although there are improvements to be made in the block model, such as the external and internal thicknesses of the same. For the structural masonry (AE) system, class C blocks according to NM 354 (2011), an M10 mortar according to NP EN 1996-1-1 (2015) and class C16/20 fill concrete according to NP EN 1996-1-1 (2015) were used. For the foundations, isolated footings were defined for the reinforced concrete (BA) system and running footings for the AE system, and for the roof, solid slab was defined for the two systems. A standard plan was defined, and comparisons were made in terms of consumption of materials, such as: earthmoving, steel, concrete, formwork and masonry, and the results indicated that there is indeed a saving gain of about 20%. Aspects such as coatings, window frames, electricity, sanitation, and execution time of the work were not considered in this comparison.