Desenvolvimento de sistemas de monitoria cardíaca baseados em IoT para prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares:Hospital Geral de Mavalane

Abstract

This study aimed to develop an advanced cardiac monitoring system based on the Internet of Things (IoT), targeting the prevention and follow-up of cardiovascular diseases at the Mavalane General Hospital (HGM) in Mozambique. An exploratory and applied research methodology was adopted, including field surveys, semi-structured interviews with the hospital’s cardiologist, ICU nurses, ECG technician, and equipment maintenance manager. The study identified the limitations of current cardiac monitoring practices, such as the scarcity of modern equipment, irregular maintenance, overworked staff, and fragmented clinical data. Based on these findings, a functional IoT-based model was proposed and implemented using the AD8232 ECG sensor, the ESP32 microcontroller, MQTT communication protocol, and the Ubidots cloud platform. The system demonstrated functional consistency, technical feasibility, real-time monitoring capability, low energy consumption, and potential for remote patient management, reducing the workload of the cardiologist and improving clinical data integration. The results indicate that IoT solutions can be effectively applied in Mozambican hospitals, enhancing clinical efficiency, enabling timely decision-making, and supporting the modernization of healthcare services.